B.E.S.T. Certified

By Bruce Bird Adhesives are no longer as simple as they used to be. Good old "glue" has
developed greatly in recent times and any hobby enthusiast, especially
modellers, will use a range of different adhesives according to the materials
they are working with and the particular requirement they have to deal with.

Forty years ago you were unlikely to come across any adhesive other that that
thick white paste used in junior school or a bubbling concoction of boiled up
horses hooves kept on a low heat by carpenters and joiners. Nowadays, modern
adhesives are all based on advanced chemical process. The most common adhesive
you will come across today is known as Super Glue to the general population but
CA to the modeling community.

Cyanoacrylates, commonly known as 'cyano' or CA in the modeling
world and 'Instant' or 'Super' glues to everyone else is good for wood, plastic,
metal, glass, ceramic, fabric, rubber, fiberglass, carbon fiber or combinations;
in fact most things in everyday life as well as in modeling. CA adhesives come
in different thicknesses or viscosity and in different formulations according to
the material it is to be used on. That's the hazard as we all get used to their
'wonderglue' properties and expect them to stick just about anything.

In fact, for greatest effectiveness most adhesives are specifically formulated
to stick a particular material. So be careful to use the right one as the wrong
choice can either be ineffective or worse, literally melt whatever you are
working on. If that is a model that has already occupied many hours of your time
you are not going to be very happy! Follow the model manufacturers'
recommendations about the type of adhesive to use or if there are no
recommendations available then your local hobby shop should be able to help.

Modeling club mates can also be invaluable as sources of advice - even if for
nothing other than to tell you what not to use based on their own sorry
experience. Alternatively, spend a little time researching on the internet (just
put adhesive +[the material you are sticking] into your favourite search engine.
Adhesive manufacturers are these days providing more technical information about
their products and the best way to use them. If in any doubt follow that old
standby rule and 'test on a small area first'.

CA comes in different viscosities. The thinnest viscosity of CA is excellent for
gluing balsa, that most traditional of modeling materials, as the very thin glue
can be applied to the edge of the join and will penetrate both the join and the
surrounding balsa wood to create a strong bond. The downside of this very thin
viscosity is that it cures or 'goes off' very quickly, literally in seconds.

If you are really in a hurry then an 'accelerator' or
'kicker' will speed up the curing of the top surface of the adhesive
instantly and then progressively cure the remainder. Alternatively, apply CA to
one surface and spray kicker on the other before mating them together for a
really fast bond. This is useful when making running repairs out at the flying
field.

The hazard of all this miraculous sticking power is when it all goes wrong and
you end up with adhesive in places you never intended it to reach, leaving you
glued to your own model, the table or anywhere else you put your hands. That's
when debonders come in useful as they can remove cured CA glues
from skin, work surfaces, most plastics and model finishes. Naturally, it is
best to have these at hand as it is too late to go trotting down the model shop
to buy some when you are already glued to the kitchen table.

For more substantial joins, epoxy resins come as two part
adhesives, one part resin and one part hardener that have to be mixed to become
active. Vibration resistant and fuel proof, epoxy is perfect for modelers
dealing with engines for fire wall and engine mount installations, and for
attaching bulkheads and formers in epoxy glass fuselages. It comes with
different curing times for example; 5 min, 30 min or 1 hr which are used
according the result required. Since epoxies cure by an exothermic chemical
reaction, meaning that means they give off heat, and heat can speed the cure of
epoxy, mixing more than you need can result in it hardening and becoming
unworkable before you have had the chance to use it.

Finishing resin is a light weight, two part, epoxy laminating /
finishing type resin used when fiber-glassing. It can also be used to seal all
engine and fuel tank areas and is absolutely the best for sheeting foam wing
panels for aeromodellers. It will bond to itself and does not get brittle with
age. But like cyano, you must use the right formulation produced specifically
for use with foam. Many finishing resins will just eat up a foam wing. Finishing
resin can also be used to seal and prepare all types of wood projects for
painting. Finishing resin will penetrate into porous wood, so several
applications may be required to fill and level the surface.

Windows in models, whether they be airplane **pit windows, car or speedboat
windscreens can easily be spoiled by using inappropriate adhesives on the clear
Perspex canopies and windscreens. There are special canopy glues
available for these applications which are just another formulation with the
advantage that they dry clear and transparent. So don't go spoiling your
creation for want of a little extra investment in the right adhesive.

These days there is an adhesive for every task. Despite the great diversity of
modern adhesives you will quickly find the smaller range appropriate to your own
craft, hobby or modelling requirement. You will find a favourite manufacturer
and quickly develop your own expertise in its use. You only need to put in a
little investigation before you begin to get off on the right foot and ensure
that your model hangs together for a good long time.

Bruce Bird makes it easy for the beginner to quickly get a grasp of the broad range of exciting activities around model airplanes. To receive his free 5 part mini-series visit http://www.modelairplanesecrets.com/adtrackz/go.php?c=adhesives Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Bruce_Bird http://EzineArticles.com/?A-Guide-to-Adhesives-for-Modellers&id=400916 cheap phentermine overnight delivery internet pharmacy phentermine buy phentermine online ky buy cheap phentermine without a prescription

By Derek Barlow Welcome and thank you for showing your interest in this free
series which will explore the different treatment
options available for bipolar disorder. In this series
you can expect to discover: Part 1 - What is bipolar disorder and how is it treated.
Part 2 - What medications are effective in treating bipolar disorder.
Part 3 - Effects of nutrition on bipolar disorder, psychotherapy and other treatments.
Part 4 - Co-occuring illnesses and genetics research.
Part 5 - Brain imaging and what does it show.
Part 6 - Treatment research
Part 7 - Where to find help Let's get to it Introduction Bipolar Disorder is a mental illness that causes people to
experience extremes in moods from high to low, sometimes
within a single day or week. As of 2005 there is no known
cure for the condition previously known as manic-depressive
illness. But scientists, researchers and physicians are
optimistic as they work to improve the prospect of a
reasonably normal life for sufferers and those they love.
The general public must become more aware of this illness
in order to take action early, thereby avoiding damaging
consequences. Patients themselves ought to pay heed to
whatever therapy is recommended by their physician, whom
they should know well and trust. Only in this way will
people be in the position to successfully manage this
potentially devastating illness. Early Treatment is Important Contrary to the hopes of many
parents, Bipolar Disorder cannot be diagnosed at birth.
Symptoms usually appear in adolescence or early adulthood.
Unless the sufferer is treated, those symptoms will recur
throughout the course of life. Some people pug up with
bipolar disorder much longer than they should, only because
they do not realize they have the illness. If patients are
not diagnosed early, and cared for, Bipolar Disorder
becomes more difficult to treat. The longer a person
continues without medical attention, the higher the risk of
alcohol and substance abuse, suicide, and serious issues at
home, work and school. Proper treatment is very important
so that the bipolar disorder patient can begin to stabilize
his or her moods. Exaggerated mood swings are at the heart
of this illness, and in many ways define it. So How is Bipolar Disorder Treated? Bipolar Disorder is treated through a combination of
medication and psychological treatment and oftentimes,
nutrition. As with many conditions or illnesses, a
collective approach tends to be most effective. A medical doctor (most often a psychiatrist) with expertise
in the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders
generally prescribes medication. Treatment should be
ongoing, and not on-and-off. Even with continuoustreatment, mood swings may happen, but if a doctor is notified, he or she can adjust the treatment plan to suitthe patients need. It is critical that patients work very
closely with their doctor, communicate openly and honestly
regarding questions or concerns, and feel comfortable
discussing treatment options. Many bipolar disorder patients record their daily moods,
their treatments, sleep patterns and life events on a
chart. By charting their day, sufferers and their loved
ones become more aware of possible triggers. As a
consequence, they can effectively guide the treatment
process. In the next issue we'll explore the different medications
used to treat bipolar disorder. Copyright 2005 LifeWithBipolar.com Wishing you a full and joyous life,
Derek Barlow ---------------------------------------------------------
If you would like to receive the remaining issues in this
free 7 part series, please visit us at
http://www.LifeWithBipolar.com
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By Roxanne McDonald When we write for college courses, we write for an audience other than ourselves. And its an audience of more than onethe professor who assigned the piece. A good way to think of (and never forget) audience is to imagine we are writing the assignment for a popular magazine that sits in multiple copies on the shelves of an equally popular bookstore. For each magazine sold, pretend, we get a percentage. Our goal, then, is to have as large and widespread a readership as possibleto hook as many browsers as we canwith an effective opener (also known as an introduction). We therefore must engage, first, before we entertain, educate, or inform. First the Caveats and Comments on Ineffective (Bad) Openers NO to SNORE openers Forget burdening or alienating your readers with comments of how many people in many countries have many different ideas about life and society and all those other blah, blah, blah hard-to-wrap-the-brain-around opening commentarieswhich really just send the reader off to find a more intriguing read. NO to OBVIOUS Similar to the snore generalizations, the obvious comments in an opener will have eyes (if not heads) rolling as readers take in the TV is mental masturbation or ads are used to manipulate us statements you can avoid--by using an old Marshall McCluhan quote or Cleo awards description, for example, instead. NO to HYPERBOLE Putting myself through school as a waitress, I had a number of regular customers who were writers, too, they said. They would talk at me all through my shift, reciting their best work. One insisted on reiterating his description of the verdant rolling hills that kissed the edges of the glistening waters at the feet of the majestic span of the Golden Gate Bridgeuntil I would get so mental I would fantasize about bringing the heft of the glistening glass coffee pot screaming down onto his head. In other words, do not exaggerate. Do not bring in heavy drama and description that will overwhelm and, again, alienate your readers. Stick with the truth. Stick with the openers that work. We Use Modes for Engaging Openers...and I'm going to Use One Here, Out of Necessity...and Spite I once read a how-to article on web content writing, on making a site that brings traffic (the attention of many). I had already begrudgingly given in to the understanding that web content writing is very different than academic writing--it has different goals, different audiences, and different elements that lend themselves to an 'A' piece of writing. In fact, it is so different that to write for the web we have to unravel all we have worked to weave, have to unlearn all we have learned as college English writers. Don't Confuse Web Content/Writing and Academic Writing So the writer of this article says to start web copy you skip the opener and go directly to the main point (what we in academia know as the thesis). Okay. This made sense, I thought, as web readers read differently: they read fast, they skim, they scan, they skip...to draw the most usable info in the shortest amount of time. (Probably the way you are reading now, hoping I get on with the point). -I was with Mr. Web when he explained these facts. -I was with him as he noted the research findings that back up the rationale for sacrificing good academic exposition for web text. -And I was there with his tips and tricks, which were great...until he went too far, editorializing about writers who actually use openers: He claimed that writers who rely on openers don't have "the courage" to just get to the point. So he lost me. Don't Let Anyone Shame Your Learning Writing Tricks We can adapt to just about any rhetorical style. We can adjust our notions of what makes for good writing. But we should balk when a how-to writer insults other methods of writing. We should even disregard implications of cowardice as unnecessary ad hominem attacks. False attacks. Fallacious and floppy and frivolous teaching. Screw that. Readers of Academic Essay Writing Appreciate (even Prefer) a Good Opener Openers in academic writing, whether in a creatively developed literary response or a historical survey, are imperative. They are a gentler way of drawing in, luring our readers. They are at first quite challenging to get right, but our mastering them--which is possible--has nothing to do with courage, which comes from the French word, "coeur," heart. We have plenty of heart. We're studying English, for hell sake. Against my wishes, then, this page opens with a declaration and gets right to the point. At first. But it also has a "grabber" slipped in--because we're looking at grabbers and because, well, I can't help it. I want to model decent prose for you. Samples of Effective Essay Openers by Mode/Type Even better, I'll share with you some samples, written by my former students (who have granted permission for the use of their work as models): ****People Love Stories. We Love to Tell Stories. The Narrative Opener: Once upon a time, during the era of slavery, whites were afraid of blacks, and the "word" was born. That's why someone came up with the "word." Two hundred years later around my sister's house, the children still use this "word". Sometimes I even hear myself say this "word." But guess what? I check myself and correct myself, because when you use the "word" to address someone, no matter who you are or what color you are, it is totally disrespectful. The word: "***". (1) ****To Establish Credibility, Try a Sober, Scholarly Introduction. The Statistics/Facts Opener: By the age of forty-four, 47 percent of American women will have had an abortion. (Day 6) To describe this statistic as anything other than a tragedy is to deny the sanctity of human life. The Christian abortion debate rests upon the moral and theological dimension[s] of this issue. To examine the moral dimensions of abortion without examining the social realm is to ignore the mutually dependent relationship that surrounds this debate. (2) ****Appealing to the Senses Lures and Keeps Readers Interested. The Descriptive Opener: Rain is pelting my car relentlessly as I drive home from [XXX] College. Cars rushing on the freeway cause the water on the pavement to burst into a fine mist, surrounding each and every vehicle with a billowing sheet of opaqueness. Finally, I arrive in front of my little two-bedroom home. With a sigh of relief, I enter my living room. Lately, this house has turned into a haven of safety, sheltering me as much from nature's elements as from the unpredictable and unprovoked malevolence I experience from one of my instructors. My dread is heightened by the fact that I appear to be the primary recipient of this teacher's outbursts of viciousness. Slowly, my gaze shifts across the room and comes to rest on the play I have to read for my English class. It is Mamet's Oleanna. I pick up the book and soon find myself drawn into the story. Quickly, it becomes clear to me that this play [deals with] the relationship between a teacher (John) and his student (Carol). While both characters show evidence of an interesting variety of behaviors, John mesmerizes me to a greater degree. I begin to wonder whether John displays symptoms of an underlying psychological disorder. (3) Put the Readers in the Frame, Inside the Paper. The Direct Address Opener: You are in the midst of a blazing inferno. Your mind is moving at the speed of light. Yet you are paralyzed by fear. The silence is deafening between the confinement of the four walls. You are no longer in control. You wonder how the communication between the members of the family has ceased, specifically between Mother and Father. Each passing day, only silence can be heard. The usual chatter at the dinner table is considerably lessened. It comes down to, "Pass the corn, please." Or one excusing oneself from the table. (4) Advance Trust, Establish Authority from the Start. The Authoritative Quote Opener: "Generations of students have studied calculus without ever seeing its power." This statement is found in an article by K.C. Cole titled, "Bringing Calculus Down to Earth," from The Los Angeles Times. I most certainly agree with Cole. At one point earlier in the course of the class (calculus), I was not sure about the use of calculus and the importance of it. Others like me, such as friends, felt the same way. For this reason, I would assume, I am doing this research. This research is for students like myself to realize that "there is something about calculus," as Cole states in the article.... (5) Keep with the Traditional "Show, Don't Tell" Lesson. The Example Opener: Sex is great. To me, it is all about feelings and experiences--the feeling of flesh against flesh, the experience of *** after ***. Sometimes, even, there is that feeling of being special, wanted, and loved. I suppose my parents had sex. It is not really an image I like to bring to mind. But when my father has sex with someone other than my mom, how am I supposed to feel then? (6) Engage by Asking for the Readers' Opinion and Thoughtful Participation. The Profound Rhetorical Question Opener: Is the play, True West, written by actor/writer Sam Shepard, a sublimation of his own sibling rivalry or a rationalization of one? He writes of two brothers who are equal in intelligence but opposite in character. The older brother lives by his wit and the younger by his pen. In his unique style, Shepard uses many symbols describing the keen emotions that make up these two brothers. He also uses metaphors that reel you, the audience, into the depths of anger, pain, and the reality of life.... (7) Finally, the Encouragement of Effective (Good) Openers YES to APPROPRIATE introductory material. That is, use an opener that is relevant to your essay topic. Use an opener that fits the material. For example, a definition of alcoholism (which might work if you were writing a book) might be too clumsy for a cause and effect paper studying the influences of alcoholism on the family. YES to APT openers. Do the modes that you are best at writing. And do what you best like doing. Write what works for you, your audience, and your assignment. YES, modes overlap. A narrative opener will have descriptive details. A quote may be combined with statistics and facts. But instead of tripping on what the exact boundaries are between modes or types of writing passages, focus on the specifics of one type of opener as you understand it. The rest will be bonus material that merely enhances your style. And YES to engaging, alluring introductions that lead your readers in to the place where your thesis/opinion sits waiting to declare your bold, informed truths. Which should never be denied or neglectedany more than your audience should be. End Notes (1) Bronson, A. "The Word." (2) Roncella, L. "Judging Abortion." (3) Prince, U. "Who Cares? [A Study of Oleanna]" (4) Tolosa, W. "Dark silence." (5) Pham, D. "Calculus as a Necessary Tool." (6) Guiterrez, R. "Dad, Why Cheat?" (7) Stark, C. "[...a Study of the Psychology of True West]." N.H.-born prize-winning poet, creative nonfiction writer, memoirist, and award-winning Assoc. Prof. of English, Roxanne is also web content and freelance writer/founder of http://www.roxannewrites.com, a support site for academic, memoir, mental disability, and creative writers who need a nudge, a nod, or just ideasof which Roxanne has 1,000s, so do stop in for a visit, as this sentence cant possibly get any longer. 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